Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications
Excerpted from Congressional Research Service Report RL33849
Updated May 2, 2007
Jane A. Leggett
Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy
Resources, Science, and Industry Division
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Almost all scientists agree that the Earth’s climate is changing, having warmed
by 0.6 to 0.9o Celsius (1.1 to 1.6o Fahrenheit) since the Industrial Revolution.
Science indicates that the Earth’s global average temperature is now approaching, or
possibly has passed, the warmest experienced since human civilizations began to
flourish about 12,000 years ago. During the 20th Century, some areas became wetter
while others experienced more drought. Most climate scientists conclude that
humans have induced a large part of the climate change since the 1970s. Although
natural forces such as solar irradiance and volcanoes contribute to variability,
scientists cannot explain the climate changes of the past few decades without
including the effects of elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations resulting from
fossil fuel use, land clearing, and industrial and agricultural emissions. Over the past
150 years, measured carbon dioxide concentrations have risen by more than onethird,
from about 280 parts per million (ppm) to about 380 ppm. The United States
contributes almost one-fifth of net global greenhouse gas emissions. Some impacts
of climate change are expected to be beneficial (e.g., increased agricultural
productivity in some regions), whereas others are expected to be adverse (e.g.,
drought in some regions, rising sea levels in some coastal areas).
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[1] On December 11, 2008, California adopted America's first comprehensive climate change plan. It calls for increased cuts in emission, a regional cap and trade program, and a gradual movement to a system where 100% of greenhouse gas permits will be auctioned off.
[2] Senator Jeff Bingaman has stated that Congress will most likely not act on a global warming bill until 2010 because of the transition to a new Presidential administration and the impending economic crisis. He believes it will take at least a year for any climate change bill to go through.
[3] A National Teach-In on Global Warming has been established for the date of February 5, 2009 to engage a broad population of Americans to educate and expand the climate change movement.
[4] The Pew Center on Global Climate Change posted an article about the climate change issues being discussed in Congress. They list proposals to Congress as well as “bill analysis and a complete overview of the floor debate.”
[5] The National Resource Defense Council (NRDC) has put out an issue summary for the McCain-Lieberman Climate Act as well as all a comparison of climate change legislation introduced in the 110th Congress.
[6] On Apr 24, 2008 Representative Dave Reichert gave a press release to clarify his his global warming legislation.
[7] On Aug 8, 2007 Representative Nick Lampson gave a press release addressing the need for Air and Water Pollution Control Facilities.
[8] On August 6, 2007 Representative Heath Shuler put out a press release regarding energy independence and climate change.
[9] On August 1, 2007 Representative Ciro Rodriguez put out a press release supporting Renewable Electricity Standard.
[10] In March of 2007, Al Gore testified before Congress about global warming and the importance of legislation being passed to help the problem.
[11] On January 30, 2007, Congress held its first global warming hearing, led by Senator Barbara Boxer. [1]
[12] The 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth by former Vice President Al Gore addresses global warming and its implications.
[edit] Endnotes
- ↑ Traci Watson. "Global warming issue gains 'traction' with new Congress." USA Today. January 30, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-01-29-global-warming_x.htm
