Scientists & Engineers for America

Building Efficiency and Public Policy

energy-star

Did You Know..?

Building Efficiency Basics

Building efficiency has been a key strategy in energy conservation in new and old buildings. In order for many buildings to be officially considered efficient or “green,” they need to be Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED) certified.

According to the U.S. Green Building Council, LEED “encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development practices through the creation and implementation of universally understood and accepted tools and performance criteria.” This certification requires independent third-party verification that the building meets the green building and performance measures.

LEED buildings also qualify for many tax rebates, zoning allowances, and other incentives. There are different qualifications for residential, commercial, new, and old housing. There are different levels of LEED certification as well, e.g. platinum, gold, silver, and bronze.

The US Green Building Council is a non-profit community of leaders that work together to make green buildings available. It assists in certifying green buildings, providing information on LEED certification, and hosts green building conferences. It also sponsors workshops and courses on constructing green buildings and provides information on government incentives and opportunities in sustainable building.

The policies of building efficiency are currently expanding to not only include exterior construction, but also interior lighting and appliances. In addition, individual states are enacting their own policies for building efficiency. The Federal government has made major accomplishments in this area with the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 being signed into law, which sets new efficiency for buildings. Currently, Congress has proposed specifically focusing on making Federal buildings and public institutions more efficient in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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Contents

[edit] More on Building Efficiency

[edit] Policies in Use

  • LEED: As mentioned above, LEED certification allows for buildings to be called “green.” Certification is based on the number of points buildings receive for specific sustainable attributes. These attributes are divided into different categories, which include sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, and innovation and design process.[1] For sustainable sites, buildings can gain points on access to transportation, density of the community, and restoration of open space. Energy and atmosphere focuses on energy optimization and on-site renewable energy. Indoor environmental quality is primarily concerned with air quality and temperature, while the design process awards points based on the innovative and sustainable architecture and overall design.
  • Energy Star: As a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Star creates energy efficient products that help consumers save money and protect the environment. Energy Star products include home appliances and home construction features, like windows. Many Energy Star products also provide rebates and other incentives from the government.[2] The Energy Star program has been a success in the U.S. by creating strict guidelines for energy efficient products. The recognition of the Energy Star label on products is a quick shortcut for consumers to know which products are energy efficient.

[edit] Proposals for Further Research

  • Net-Zero Buildings: Net-zero buildings produce as much energy as they consume over a set time period (about one year). This allows these buildings to become energy self-sufficient. In order to achieve energy self-sufficiency, building designers use three-dimensional computer modeling to take into account building orientation to the sun, the architecture, insulation, local climate, etc.[3] There are only several completed net-zero buildings world wide, and others are being developed. The Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 proposes that any new commercial building be net-zero by 2030. However, there are some concerns with net-zero buildings. Developers worry that making buildings reliant on a specific climate will limit the building’s ability to adapt to drastic weather changes and overall climate change. Developers are also worried about the cost associated with net-zero buildings. Many high cost technologies in net-zero buildings will eventually decrease in cost. [4] This will cause the value of the building to depreciate, and the initial cost to build the structure might not be recovered in resale. Many are calling for further research into these challenges to see if net-zero buildings will be economically beneficial.

[edit] Relevant Reports

  • Energy Future: Think Efficiency: This report, from the American Physical Society, discusses the solutions that America needs within the country to cut our oil addiction - through building and transportation efficiency.

[edit] Actions in Congress

[edit] Floor Votes

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (H.R. 1)
Sponsor: Rep. David Obey (D-WI)
Introduced: January 26, 2009
1/28/2009 House - 244 Ayes, 188 Nays, 1 Present/Not Voting
2/10/2009 Senate - 61 Ayes, 37 Nays, 1 Present/Not Voting
2/17/2009 Signed by President Obama
Section 410 - provides additional state energy grants to maintain financial incentives for regulators and builders to adhere to standards that meet or exceed current building efficiency standards.
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (H.R. 6)- outlines improved standards for energy efficiency within buildings, through appliances and lighting, in Title III of the Act. There are new standards for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, furnaces, boilers, washers, dishwashers, refrigerators, and freezers. It also expands R&D programs to include “technologies to improve the energy efficiency of appliances and mechanical systems for buildings in cold climates.” Minimum efficiency standards are also set in this section for various lamps and light bulbs, as well as expansion of R&D programs to include lighting technology research. Title IV sets energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial buildings, while Title V sets standards for Federal buildings.
Sponsor: Rep. Nick Rahall (D-WV)
Introduced:January 12, 2007
01/18/2007 House -- 264 Ayes, 163 Nays, 8 Present/Not Voting
06/21/2007 Senate--65 Ayes, 27 Nays, 7 Present/Not Voting
12/19/2007 Became Public Law No. 110-140

[edit] Introduced Bills

To authorize higher education curriculum development and graduate training in advanced energy and green building technologies
Sponsor: Rep. Michael T. McCaul (R-TX)
Introduced: February 10, 2009
Status: Referred to the House Committee on Science and Technology
To provide for a green building certification program as part of the Energy Star program
Sponsor: Rep. Anthony Weiner (D-NY)
Introduced: January 26, 2009
Status: Introduced to the House of Representatives
A bill to provide funding for a Green Job Corps program, YouthBuild Build Green Grants, and Green-Collar Youth Opportunity Grants, and for other purposes
Sponsor: Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA)
Introduced: January 15, 2009
Status: Introduced, read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
To ensure the energy independence of the United States by promoting research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of technologies through a system of grants and prizes on the scale of the original Manhattan Project (HR 513)
Sponsor: Rep. J. Randy Forbes (R-VA)
Introduced: January 14, 2009
Status: Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
To promote green schools
Sponsor: Rep. Mark Steven Kirk (R-IL)
Introduced: January 6, 2009
Status: Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Education and Labor, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
To provide for a green building certification program as part of the Energy Star program (H.R. 6271) - defines what constitutes a green building and requires the Secretary of Energy to "expand the Energy Star program to include the certification of building as green buildings, develop an online certification program, and design a program allowing certification by those without green building expertise."
Sponsor: Rep. Anthony Weiner (D-NY)
Introduced: June 12, 2008
Status: Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce
Green Act of 2008 (H.R. 6078) - requires the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to set aside funding for green building and energy conservation measures for multifamily housing projects with rental assistance. It would also allow for specific credits for mortgages on housing that meet conservation and efficiency requirements. The Secretary would also be required to provide incentives for developers to increase efficiency and green building practices in multifamily housing.
Sponsor: Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-CO)
Introduced: May 15, 2008
Status: Reported by Committee
A bill to require updating of State building energy efficiency codes and standards (S. 2078) - requires “the Secretary of Energy to facilitate the updating of national model building energy codes and standards at least every three years to achieve overall energy savings, compared to the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) for residential buildings and ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 for commercial buildings, of at least 30% by 2015 and 50% by 2022.” It also sets requirements for energy efficiency state certifications in compliance with state residential and commercial building codes.
Sponsor: Sen. Charles Schumer (D-NY)
Introduced: September 20, 2007
Status: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Zero-Emissions Building Act of 2007 (S. 1059) - amends the Energy Conservation and Production Act to require the Secretary of Energy to revise energy efficiency standards in Federal buildings. These new standards must require new Federal buildings and those undergoing renovation to “be designed so that their fossil fuel-generated energy consumption is reduced by specified percentages in FY2101-FY2030.” Also, the buildings must have “sustainable design principles” and “conservation technologies be applied to the extent that they are life-cycle cost-effective.”
Sponsor: Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY)
Introduced: March 29, 2007
Status: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

[edit] News Stories on Building Efficiency

  • A March 16, 2009 article on CNet News discusses new technology for retrofitting buildings in order to make them up to 70% more efficient.
  • A March 13, 2009 MSNBC news clip discusses the stimulus package's 80 billion dollars that have been earmarked for renewable or clean energy.
  • A January 13, 2009 press release from the U.S. Green Building Council indicates that green buildings are showing a bright future, even in America's dwindling economy.
  • Building Design and Construction news magazine released an informative article that talks about sustainable building practices in European countries and what useful information can be gleaned in order to build more efficient buildings in the United States and Canada.
  • To watch a video about green buildings and the Greenbuild 2008 conference, click here.

[edit] Endnotes

  1. US Green Building Council (2008): Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design <http://www.usgbc.org/> (accessed November 16, 2008)
  2. Energy Star (2008): Energy Star Products < http://www.energystar.gov/> (accessed November 16, 2008)
  3. Net Zero Energy Buildings (2008): Net Zero Energy Buildings http://www.cogeneration.net/net_zero_energy_buildings.htm (accessed November 16, 2008)
  4. Net Zero Energy Buildings (2008): Net Zero Energy Buildings http://www.cogeneration.net/net_zero_energy_buildings.htm (accessed November 16, 2008)