Solar Power and Public Policy

Did You Know..?
- In the early 1800s, British astronomer John Herschel used a solar thermal box (which absorbs sunlight to amass heat) to cook his food while on an expedition to Africa.
- The first solar cell powerful enough to run everyday electrical appliances from the sun’s energy was developed by researchers of the Bell Telephone Company in the 1950s.
Solar Power Basics
Solar power is a technology that has been around for many years and is valuable because of its ability to take advantage of a readily available source of energy, the sun. Since this technology can convert sunlight into usable electricity, it has been mentioned often in the green energy movement. However, it has been hampered by several drawbacks, including the size, efficiency and total energy output of the photovoltaic cells. The size of solar panels is directly related to their total output, though the ability to manipulate solar cells and panels has grown with increased funding.
The federal government has provided a few laws that encourage research, expand funding, and organize oversight organizations for the implementation of solar energy technology. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, for example, expanded funding, research goals and tax credits by creating new standards for energy efficiency, and alternative energy.
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[edit] More on Solar Power
[edit] Emerging Technologies
Flexible Plastic Solar Panels: Konarka Technologies has developed a plastic solar panel that is flexible and made via an inkjet printer. The printable cells are called “power plastic” and according to Konarka, they will have a variety of uses ranging from small devices to larger buildings. Though the technology is not yet available to consumers and will not be for at least two years, the innovation represents a marked difference in the way solar power is gathered. [1]
Miniature Solar Cells: A solar panel roughly the size of a dime containing 20 solar cells has been designed by a firm funded by the military. Unlike the silicon-based solar cells of the past, the new miniature cell is made of carbon based organic polymers. Since each cell only produces seven volts, they are not yet powerful enough to have an impact on consumer products. However, the use of organic polymers represents a major break from silicon and, according to the study’s authors, could transform electronics. [2]
Solar Thermal Arrays: Solar thermal technology has the ability to condense the power of the sun by using its generated heat. The technology essentially takes the heat from the sun and converts it into steam energy which then powers a turbine. The true innovation comes from the design of the array itself. By taking mirrors and focusing them on one point, the temperature and amount of steam produced increases and creates more energy. Another major advantage of this method is that it can operate 24 hours a day through the storage of hot water in large insulating vessels. [3]
[edit] Interesting Resources
To be cost effective, solar energy requires support by local and state governments as well as the federal government. State and local governments for the most part provide incentives through tax breaks and by making the technology more widely available or usable through city or state ordinances. The amount and depth of incentives vary by state; you can see what your state offers in incentives and ordinances here.
Utility-scale solar power: opportunities and obstacles
A report that analyzes the benefits and costs of making utility-scale power a significant portion of the country’s electricity.
Assessment of Potential Impact of Concentrating Solar Power for Electricity Generation
A report which summarizes the Department of Energy’s findings from the study established by Energy Policy Act of 2005.
Experience Scaling Up Manufacturing of Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies
A report which compares the actual costs of new solar technology through manufacturing and market experience and the theoretical costs based upon engineering estimates and technology forecasts.
[edit] Action in Congress on Solar Power
Solar power is a key topic in the 110th Congress, with two committees - the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Public Works - discussing the technology’s possibilities and passing several important bills that will impact the research and implementation of solar energy in the near future. There is a large amount of pending legislation pertaining to solar energy in the 110th Congress with six bills that have yet to be voted upon, or are pending approval by the President. These bills would provide monetary allocations for grants and tax credits essential to the widespread adoption of solar power.
[edit] Floor Votes
- Energy and Tax Extenders Act of 2008 (H.R. 6049) - This proposed bill would increase or maintain tax credits pertaining to alternative energy sources, including solar energy.
- Sponsor: Rep. Charles Rangel (D-NY)
- Introduced: May 14, 2008
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 - Making supplemental appropriations for job preservation and creation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed, and State and local fiscal stabilization, for fiscal year ending September 30, 2009, and for other purposes.
- Sponsor: Rep. David Obey (D-WI)
- Passsed into law: Feb 17, 2009
- Jan 28, 2009 House – 244 Ayes, 188 Nays, 1 Present/Not Voting
- Feb 10, 2009 Senate – 61 Ayes, 37 Nays, 1 Present/Not Voting
[edit] Introduced Bills
- Solar Manufacturing Advancement Act of 2009 (H.R. 576) - To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a refundable investment credit, and 5-year depreciation, for property used to manufacture solar energy property.
- Sponsor: Gabrielle Giffords, (D–AZ)
- Introduced: January 15, 2009
- Status: Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means
- Solar Stimulus for Job Creation and Energy Independence Act of 2009 (S. 284) - A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a new refundable credit for equipment used to manufacture solar energy property, to waive the application of the subsidized financing rules to such property, and for other purposes.
- Sponsor: Sen. Robert Menéndez (D-NJ)
- Introduced: Jan 21, 2009
- Status: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.
- Emergency Solar Power Permit Act (H.R. 6527) - The Emergency Solar Power Permit Act amends the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act to exempt solar energy projects from environmental impact statement requirements when the solar energy projects are executed on land managed by the Bureau of Land Management.
- Sponsor: Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA)
- Introduced: February 10, 2009
- Status: Referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources
- To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a 2-year extension of the credit for electricity produced from certain renewable resources. (H.R. 451) - This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a 2-year extension of the credit for electricity produced from certain renewable resources.
- Sponsor:
Rep. Harry Teague (D-NM)
- Introduced: Jan 9, 2009
- Status: Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means
- Solar Research and Advancement Act of 2007 (H.R. 2774) - The Solar Energy Research and Advancement Act of 2007 contains several sections of important solar energy legislation.
- Sponsor: Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ)
- Introduced: June 19, 2007
- Status: Hearing Held by Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Prior to Introduction and Referral
- Solar Utilization Now Demonstration Act of 2007 (H.R. 2890) - The aptly titled ‘Sun Act of 2007’ creates a system of grants to provide for the demonstration of new and innovative photovoltaic technology. The system of grants is given a set of competitive criteria and outlines the role of individual States within solar power research. Specifically, the funding provided is no more than 10% from State funds and at least 60% of the funds must be provided by a combination of state, local and private monies. It also requires the refund of unused funds and it also outlines the funding system which incrementally increases each year until the year 2012.
- Sponsor: Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX)
- Introduced: June 27, 2007
- Status: Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
- Solar Opportunity and Local Access Rights Act (H.R. 2848) - This bill includes two significant sections that address solar energy and its implementation. Section 6 of the bill addresses the installation of solar panels on private residences, including apartments, rented homes, and home owners. Section 7 of this bill creates and funds the Center for Advanced Solar Research and Development within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy while providing the central goals of the new office, and funding it with 25 million dollars each fiscal year until 2011.
- Sponsor: Rep. Dennis Cardoza (D-CA)
- Introduced: June 25, 2007
- Status: Referred to House Science and Technology
[edit] News Stories on Solar Power
- Analysts are predicting that solar power will continue to increase in popularity in America to the point that it will become more affordable than traditional power sources. [4]
- U.S. Becomes Top Wind Producer, Solar Next This article discusses how the United States is quickly becoming one of the world's largest wind producers. The popularity of wind power is evidenced globally and is still growing. Future plans for wind power are to be determined as President Obama plans to use cleaner sources for energy.
[edit] Endnotes
- ↑ Masamitsu, Emily. “Startup Makes Cheap Solar Film Cells ... With an Inkjet Printer.” Popular Mechanics. March 6, 2008. http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/earth/4253464.html?series=15
- ↑ Madrigal, Alexis. “Miniature Solar Cells Much Smaller Than This: o.” Wired. November 6, 2008. http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/11/miniature-solar.html
- ↑ Hutchinson, Alex. “Solar Thermal Power May Make Sun-Powered Grid a Reality.” Popular Mechanics. November 2008. http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/research/4288743.html?pages=1
- ↑ John G. Edwards. "Analysts express rays of hope for solar power." Las Vegas Review Journal. February 6, 2009. http://www.lvrj.com/business/39192597.html
